Ecosystems management of river and water flow necessary for continuity of life and ecological sustainability of river based systems, requires recognition of environmental flows in the politics and intentions of water resource development projects and inclusion it in watershed management programs. In order to, in this research were analysis application of hydrological methods (Tennant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve, Smakhtin, Arkansas, FDC-Shifting and DRM) and ecohydraulic habitat suitability simulation model (SEFA) in the environmental flows assessment of Qarasoo River in Golestan Province in interval of hydrometry stations Ghazmahalleh and Siahab, respectively with mean annual flow of 0. 26 and 1. 92 m3/s for restoration habitat, natural resurrection and conservation of biodiversity. The investigating provision of optimal flow Ecosystem with field studies and measurements hydraulic and qualitative characteristics of the river in order to identify the favorable conditions of Capoeta capoeta gracilis hierarchical habitat showed would have the maximum and minimum flow regime required to preservation the Qarasoo river Ecosystem according to ecological needs in months of april and september is estimated to order equivalent 3. 11 and 0. 48 m3/s, with average annual 1. 6 m3/s (equivalent 83 percent of natural stream of the river). The results of study show environmental menaces will follow using the values obtained from simple hydrological methods Tennant, Smakhtin and Flow Duration Curve in water resource planning of this river, by contrast ecohydraulic model of SEFA can provide a general croquis of habitat suitability in intervals different of river relative to regime changes natural flow and attainment to optimal.

Wetlands are among the most important and endangered global Ecosystems and provide a set of Ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting Ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefits from Ecosystem services, so in order to maintain these services for a long time and sustainably, quick balance through planning and decision appropriate selection is required. In Iran, based on the 4th, 5th and 6th development plans of the country, the Environmental Protection Organization has been obliged to implement the ecological management program in cooperation with other organizations and main stakeholders. The Integrated management plan is a strategy for the integrated management of water, land and livelihood resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in a balanced manner. Integrated management plan of Amirkelayeh international wetland has been prepaired in the form of an international plan for the protection of Iran's wetlands. The method used is strategic planning system. This management plan has been prepared based on the results of educational and consultative workshops and with the participation of representatives of major local and provincial groups. In this research, the general framework of the prepaired plan, including strategic and special objectives, and priority actions to achieve the final goal and vision, has been examined.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mangroves have high potential for advancing ecotourism because of their position at the intersection of land and sea. Many studies have reported that mangroves and coastal environments are the right places for the development of sustainable ecotourism. Ecotourism aims to preserve natural environments, playing a crucial role in conservation efforts and serving as a unique type of tourism experience. The aim of this study is to assess the tourism prospects of significant mangrove Ecosystems in Sumatra, Indonesia, and to identify suitable approaches for fostering ecotourism. The implementation of ecotourism can serve as a means to safeguard the Ecosystem while also influencing the socio-economic conditions of the local community.METHODS: The research was conducted in Beras Basah Village, located in the Pangkalan Susu District of Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. It commenced in November 2023 with the initiation of the Beras Basah ecotourism project and concluded in January 2024. The research commenced by introducing the ecotourism landscape through the utilization of a geographic information system. Subsequently, questionnaires and discussion group forums were employed to analyze the community, visitors, and relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, an assessment of the potential mangrove Ecosystem was conducted, encompassing transects, ecological suitability, and carrying capacity. Lastly, a comprehensive analysis of the research findings was performed, focusing on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the study.FINDINGS: The potential area for ecotourism covers ​​38 hectares with various well-designed facilities and infrastructures. The mangroves were utilized as a source of sustenance with the overall condition of community. This study obtained 8 species of mangroves consisting of Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, and Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The species of fauna observed were two species of birds (Haliaetus leucogaster, Bubulcus ibis), three species of reptiles (Varanus salvator, Fordonia leucobalia, Mabouia multifasciata), three types of mammals (Macaca fascicularis, Tupaia glis, Martes flavigula), seven types of fish (Plotosus canius, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Ophiocara porocephala, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lates calcarifer, Scatophagus argus, Mugil cephalus), five types of mollusks (Cerithidea cingulata, Telescopium telescopium, Cerithidea quadrata, Murex trapa, Polymesoda bengalensis), and four types of crustaceans (Scylla serrata, Metapograpsus sp., Panaeus monodon, Panaeus merguensis). The two studied stations exhibited varying levels of ecological suitability. One approach to protection is the enforcement of a visitor quota based on the carrying capacity of the areas, was 86 individuals per day. Furthermore, the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats revealed that the improvement of mangrove Ecosystem management, the addition of supporting facilities, and the provision of environmental and conservation education to tourists can contribute to the enhancement of ecotourism.CONCLUSION: Ecotourism plays a crucial role in preserving the sustainability of the mangrove Ecosystem while also influencing socio-economic factors. Through thorough study and analysis of both human behavior and natural processes, effective management strategies can be developed to support ecotourism initiatives. This investigation has the potential to support the preservation of the mangrove Ecosystem in Beras Basah District through the introduction of landscape management strategies for the advancement of ecotourism. The findings of this study highlight the significance of ecotourism and emphasize the importance of expanding ecotourism initiatives, enhancing infrastructure, and promoting environmental awareness.

Extended Abstract Background: Forests are one of the complex Ecosystems of natural resources with an important role in the environment and multiple production capacities and functions. The benefit of different human societies from these resources in various forms has various effects and consequences. Without accurate and complete identification of all its stakeholders, logical and acceptable results cannot be achieved in decision-making and policy-making. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the stakeholders (actors) and their identification criteria in line with basic policies for planning, decision-making, and success in this field. Because decision-making in the management of forest resources always faces challenges and is often associated with complexity, immutability, and uncertainty due to the multi-purpose nature of the benefits and services of these resources, the difficulty of monetary valuation of ecological services, and the great diversity of the stakeholders of their services. Therefore, the stakeholders in the fields of natural resources and forests are considered vital components, and their presence and activity in these fields are undeniable and provide a guarantee of success in cooperative management for the protection of forests. The advancement of the sustainable management goals of natural resources and forests is realized by identifying an active presence of key actors and the most important and effective groups involved, i.e. forest producers and users, along with other identified stakeholders. The primary purpose of identifying those involved is the names of all those who can and should have a role in the planning and management process, and their identification is an important part of the participatory planning process because it is considered a part of the prerequisite for participation. Therefore, identifying and determining the stakeholders make it possible to take advantage of their cooperation in a planned way in the implementation and management of forestry projects and to facilitate the implementation process of the programs. Methods: To identify, weight, and prioritize the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem services using multi-criteria decision-making models, the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem services were first identified and gathered based on the review of various studies. Then, the research questionnaire was designed to answer two important questions in this study: a) who are the people involved in Hyrcanian forest areas? and b) what is their priority? Therefore, the beneficiaries of the economy of Hyrcanian forests were identified by designing a questionnaire scored with a Likert scale, designing items with five priority options, and determining the individuals or groups of stakeholders. In this research, the opinions of 50 experts, academics, and experts of the Natural Resources and Watershed management Organization at the provincial and regional levels were used to identify the beneficiaries of the Ecosystem services of Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire was validated and confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha statistic of α = 0.97. The stakeholders of the forest Ecosystem services were weighted  with the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize them. Results: By analyzing the findings of the questionnaire using experts' opinions, the Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem goods and services stakeholders were identified in 19 groups and five levels, such as international, national, regional, stakeholders outside the forest, and stakeholders inside the forest. Based on the results of the weighting of the stakeholders using the SWARA technique, the forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge are among the most important Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem goods and services stakeholders with the highest weight, and other stakeholders were placed in the next priorities based on the received weight. The prioritization of the stakeholders of the goods and services of the Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem in the TOPSIS, ARAS, and SAW models showed similar results in terms of the prioritization of the stakeholders of the surveyed services. Conclusion: The results of stakeholder prioritization models were compared using the slope of the service weight curve (R2) in three models. The slope of the relative closeness curve of the weights in the ARAS model was a descending exponential function with an explanatory degree of 0.93, which indicated an obvious difference between the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem services. The slope of the curve of the relative closeness of the weights is higher and closer to one in the ARAS model than in the other two models from different points of view. Based on this result and the consensus of some experts, the prioritization of stakeholders in the ARAS model is closer to reality. Therefore, the ARAS model was proposed as a suitable model for prioritizing the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest Ecosystem services. According to the results of this model, forest dwellers, downstream communities on the edge of the forest, and the off-site users of the forests are considered the major stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest services. Therefore, the role, presence, and influence of these stakeholders cannot be ignored in the management of natural resources and the environment, especially in forestry projects, and it is recommended to optimally use the presence of these communities in cooperative forest management. Furthermore, the human relationship with the natural Ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of forest resources. It is necessary to support wood planting projects through subsidy policies and to grant facilities and low-interest loans to forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge. Other necessary measures include efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of the villages on the edge of the forest, holding training entrepreneurship courses and classes, introducing handicrafts and non-wood products, identifying target markets, and strengthening the marketing network for the export of non-wood products to increase the share of the forest in the growth and economic development of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Employment programs should also be developed for local communities in the forest protection sectors.

Today, developed and developing countries are focusing more on environmental issues and development. The present study aims to provide a model for the establishment of green human resources management in the entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The purpose of this research is in the field of applied research, and since it describes the variables and relationships between them, the recognition of the status quo and finally the presentation of the pattern of deployment, is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research includes relevant experts. In order to reach the consensus, 27 people were studied by interview method and the required information was collected. To analyze qualitative data and to extract factors affecting HRM and its influential factors, the method of analysis of the theme (theme analysis) was used. Structural-interpretive modeling has been used to identify the relationships between variables and the deployment of green human resources in the entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The findings of the research include explaining the green human resources management model in the entrepreneurship Ecosystem and analyzing the results of infiltration-correlation; the existing model is a model for different businesses with the aim of establishing a green human resource management in the entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The research findings show 18 dimensions for the establishment of green human resources management. The research results indicate the impact of green human resource management on entrepreneurship Ecosystems and green thinking and sustainable development, and ultimately globalization...

management practices impact rangeland structure and function. Rangeland assessment help interpretation and judgment about theses practices. The most important factors that cause rangeland to be disturbed are grazing intensity and land cultivation. So for investigation of these practices effect in arid rangeland, one shrub community was selected in Rudshor Save region. In this community, five cases included: three grazing intensity (heavy, moderate and weak), recently cultivated area and relict area that cultivated last years were investigated. Landscape function analysis (LFA) method was used to evaluate practices effects on soil surface characteristics and rangeland functional attributes investigated. In this method for determination of three functional attributes included: stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling 11 soil surface indicators included: soil surface cover (soil protection from erosion), perennial canopy/basal cover, litter (cover, origin, degree of decomposition), cryptogam cover, crust brokenness, type and severity of erosion, deposited material, soil surface roughness, soil surface resistance to distribution, slake test (soil stability test) and texture were used. Results showed that by increasing grazing intensity, perennial vegetation cover and soil surface resistance reduced.Also breaking soil crust created bare soil. Finally rill, terraces and pedestal erosions increased.Rangeland cultivation reduced stability and increased its infiltration. In relict area because of reestablishing perennial vegetation, soil indicator and functional attribute were improved. We found that LFA method able to show changes of management effect at last consumption a few money and time shows the capability of this method.

Habitat destruction is one of the important factors in species extinction. Ecosystems provide a variety of services to humans, and humans need a set of these services to survive. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to identify the objectives of the Habitat Restoration Plan for the management and protection of vegetation and wildlife in the winter of 2020. To achieve the objectives of the present study, resource review was performed using the keywords Habitat Restoration and Search Restoration Ecology in online digital libraries. According to the findings of the present study, the process of ecological Restoration consists of three aspects including vegetation structure, ecological process and ecological performance. A successful habitat Restoration project also pursues four major global priority priorities, Including Regeneration, Ecosystem restoration, Rehabilitation, and Regeneration. Achieving the goals of Habitat Restoration requires a greater understanding of the ecological factors that enhance the success of the regeneration project. Water resources management is very difficult and complex.